1. TITLE

2. WORK CONTENT

3. ROLE OF PARTICIPANTS

4. DELIVERABLES AND WORK PLANNING / SCHEDULE

5. COMPLEMENTARY PROJECTS

6. SCIENTIFIC PARTNERS

1. TITLE

The full title of the project is: "Regional storm, wave and surge scenarios for the 2100 century".

The short title (acronym) is: STOWASUS-2100

2. WORK CONTENT

1. Objectives and Goals

The project is a joint atmospheric/oceanographic numerical modelling effort aiming at constructing and analysing storm, wave and surge climatologies for the North Atlantic/European region in a climate forced by increasing amounts of greenhouse gases and to compare with present day conditions. It will be investigated whether any systematic anomalies regarding frequency, intensity or area of occurrence are found for these extreme events. Also physical mechanisms responsible for possible scenario anomalies will be investigated.

2. Project Methodology

1. Time slice experiment

The backbone in the project will be an atmospheric time slice experiment with the ECHAM4 at T106 horizontal resolution. This experiment - which is not a part of the project - consists of a 30 year control simulation representing present day equivalent CO₂ concentrations and a 30 year perturbed simulation corresponding to approximately two times present day equivalent CO₂ concentrations. The T106 model is forced at its lower boundary with sea surface temperatures and sea ice conditions from a recent transient simulation covering more than 200 years with the coupled ECHAM4(T42)/OPYC3 model. Throughout this transient run the greenhouse gas concentrations are increased according to a business as usual scenario.

These time-slice simulations are scheduled to finish before the end of 1997 and selected data from this experiment will be available for the project. This data include 1000 and 500 hPa height, 850, 500 and 200 hPa temperature, vorticity and divergence, 10m wind components, 2 meter temperature, surface temperature and sea-ice cover, all at 6 hourly intervals. Furthermore, more extensive datasets will be available for smaller periods, serving as boundary fields for limited area models. The data administration needed will be carried out by DMI as part of the co-ordination of the project.

2. Intensive storms

Task 1: Statistical analysis of T106 data

A analysis of storminess in the T106 experiment will be carried out by DMI in terms of a statistical description of extra-tropical storms in the North Atlantic/European region in the scenario and control experiments. The significance of change in storm climate will be evaluated by compaing with variability within the two experiments and with previous investigations. Also comparison with observed variability, obtained from NCEP or ECMWF re-analysis as appropriate, will be performed.

Task 2: Baroclinic developments

In this task, to be carried out mainly by DMI, the differences in development of baroclinic disturbances in the control and scenario climates will be studied. For that purpose a number (app. 50) of severe cyclones having their maximum intensity in the North Sea and part of the Norwegian Sea will be selected from the T106 control run. The selection criteria will be depth of low, maximum wind or vorticity as appropriate.

These cases will be followed backward in time to their initial stage. By subtracting the (control) climatology the disturbance fields can be isolated. The evolution of this disturbance will then be simulated in control and scenario climates with the high resolution model HIRHAM. In that way one will get the development of the selected disturbances in control/scenario climatology. To test the robustness of the results, also severe cases from the scenario run will be selected and run in the control climatology.

The case studies will be carried out by first selecting the representative cases from the T106 simulations using objective criteria. Having selected the cases the relevant 6 hourly spaced lateral boundary conditions are extracted from the T106 data archive, and finally simulations starting a few days prior to the maximum development of the system are carried out with the high resolution model.

The purpose of the entire analysis is to investigate whether any systematic differences (in any of the life-stages) is present between the severe extra-tropical lows in control vs. scenario climate. Typical quantities, which will be monitored are: e-folding time, horizontal scale at time of maximum intensity and track of disturbance.

Also, the role of latent heat release will be addressed in more detail here. To study this effect, all selected cases will be re-run with a dry version of the model and comparisons performed.

Task 3: Polar lows

The studies on polar lows will be carried out by DMI and DNMI, using the high resolution model HIRHAM and will focus on the Norwegian, Barents and North Seas - where a possible change in frequency and strength has largest impact to the European community.

The two T106 runs will be scanned to find and quantify situations when polar lows are likely to develop (a list of dates). By statistical analysis based on the criteria described above (e.g. number of precursors and stability considerations) it will be evaluated whether a climate change will lead to more or less polar lows. This will give us a first indication of whether conditions favourable for polar lows will increase or decrease in the future.

T106 resolution cannot resolve polar lows explicitly, but it can resolve conditions favourable for polar low developments. To study whether the polar lows themselves will become stronger or weaker in the future, as a first indication we will study the strength of the precursors, but in the end we will have to run high resolution experiments. Cases will be chosen from the list of likely polar low incidents and polar low dynamics will be studied in detail by numerical simulations with the HIRHAM model with horizontal resolution in the order of 10 -20 km.

Task 4: Mediterranean systems

UP and FISBAT will select a number of cases of intense cyclogenesis over the Mediterranean/Adriatic Sea in both the control and the scenario T106 time slice data. The selection of the relevant extreme cases, both in the control and 2xCO₂ senario T106 run, will be performed with an objective technique based on the detection of surface pressure minima that fall below a certain threshold (25 - 30 cases in the area of interest). In addition to surface pressure, the relative vorticity and strength of the wind at the lowest level of the T106 model can be considered as well. The initial and final date of each case study will be subjected to an a posteriori judgement based on the synoptic evolution of the storm

In particular, the study will focus on the modifications of intensity and frequency of strong convective systems and flash floods events which are often associated to such weather systems. The area of interest will include the western Mediterranean and the Adriatic sea and will extend from Central Europe to North Africa. The selected cases will be studied with the hydrostatic, limited area model BOLAM at horizontal resolution approximately 25 km - see section 2.5. The deliverables will be statistical properties of extreme events of precipitation, 10m wind speed, 2m temperature and air-sea fluxes of heat and moisture in control and 2xCO₂ scenarios

3. Surge statistics for European coastal seas

Task 5: Surge statistics based on 30 year T106 time slices: North-western European shelf seas

POL will run their 2D tide/surge model surge-tide model with horizontal resolution of 35km and covering the shelf seas of North-western Europe from northern Spain to northern Norway. Two 30 year runs with prescribed meteorological forcing from the T106 data will be carried out. These runs will provide boundary inputs to one or more sub-models with resolution of about 12km, covering the North Sea south of 57N, the English Channel, the Irish Sea and Bristol Channel. These sub-models will also be run over the full 30 year T106 time slice periods. Corresponding model tide predictions will be made to allow surge components to be separated from the total motion.

POL and DNMI will derive surge statistics, including extremes, from the runs just described. The results from the control experiment will be validated against available observations and with existing hindcast simulations forced with observed (analysed) atmospheric data. Next, the anomalies for the 2xCO₂ scenario case will be identified and the significance of these, as compared with low frequency variability, will be assessed. For this purpose, the natural variability of surge extremes will be quantified from the analyses of subsets (e.g. 5 year periods) of the data. The seasonal dependence of extremes will also be examined.

Task 6: Surge statistics based on 30 year T106 time slices: The Adriatic Sea

The purpose of this task, carried out by UP, is to evaluate climate change of surges in the Adriatic Sea. The work will include two long runs (the 30 year control climate and the 30 year scenario run) with a shallow water surge model.

A preliminary validation will be carried out driving the surge model with winds fields from the ECMWF Re-Analyses (ERA). Since the Adriatic Sea is a semi-enclosed basin surrounded by high mountain ridges not well resolved even at T106 resolution there are local wind effects which are not represented realistically in the time slice run - or in the ERA which are also based on a T106 model. For this reason a downscaling may be needed to obtain realistic results. The preliminary ERA forced simulation will be used to assess if this is the case. If so, a linear downscaling will be applied and it will be investigated if this downscaling should be of post-processing, i.e. correcting the output of the surge model, or of pre-processing type, i.e. correcting the winds entering the surge model. In the case of post-processing, local high resolution observed surge data and output from the preliminary ERA based simulation are needed as training data. In the pre-processing case the data needed for building the downscaling are local high resolution wind analyses versus ERA wind fields - preferably 6 hour first guess fields, less "polluted" by observations. DMI and GKSS will serve as a guides in downscaling techniques.

After investigating the questions raised above, the surge model (with or without pre- or post-processing) will be run with forcing from all the T106 time slice years.

The resulting model statistics of extreme surges and downscaled wind will be validated for the control experiment by comparing them to statistics based on the available observations. The difference in the statistics derived from the control and the perturbed experiments will be evaluated and its reliability for the estimate of a future scenario will be assessed.

Task 7: Downscaling of surge statistics to estimate local variations.

For selected sites along coasts and in estuaries, studies of consequences of a changed storm surge climate will be performed.

A combined dynamical/statistical downscaling technique will be used. By running 20 to 30 storm cases with atmospheric forcing taken from ERA, the two T106-experiments and severe hypothetical ones, statistical relationships can be derived between the surge levels at deep water and at the location. The hypothetical storms for very severe conditions (with a return period between 100 and 10.000 years) are needed to derive the statistical downscaling for the extreme surge cases. The described downscaling technique uses the hypothesis that the bottom topography does not change.

By then using the obtained downscaling relations and the outcome of the coarse-grid surge model (task 5) a data set of 2 times 30 years will be built for a number of selected locations deep in the estuary along the North Sea coasts. The statistical methods developed in the project WASA will be used to analyse trends and changes between the two 30-year data sets. In this way the impact of climate change (increase of CO₂ level) on site specific surge levels can be derived. A detailed picture of the differences within an estuary and the differences between deep water surges and surges inside the estuary will emerge from this.

The dynamical/statistical downscaling will be carried out by RIKZ, who will perform the needed local very high resolution surge model runs for selected cases (predictands) and build the downscaling algorithm. The corresponding more coarse mesh predictor training data will consist of simulations of the same cases with the surge model used in task 5 by POL. Since some of these cases (e.g. the hypothetical storms) will not be imbedded in the time slice data set, data from a set of additional coarse mesh simulations will be needed for these specific cases. These extra runs will be carried out by POL. The results obtained in this task will be compared with those from tasks 5 and 8.

As an alternative method for obtaining local surge statistics, POL and DNMI will carry out continuous runs with 1-4km resolution for selected areas, using lateral boundary conditions from task 5 and T106 as atmospheric forcing. These runs will be carried out for a selected, representative sub-period of around 5 years. More specifically, POL will run 2D tide/surge model in contrasting areas (e.g. North Sea, English Channel or Irish Sea) while DNMI will run ECOM3D in e.g. Skagerrak, mid-Norwegian coast.

By comparing with the results of task 5 over the same sub-period, the sensitivity of surge statistics to model resolution will be analysed. The implications for the 30 year surge statistics from task 5 will be evaluated. Also the results from the southern North Sea will be compared with the dynamical/statistical downscaling of RIKZ.

Task 8: Influence of resolution of atmospheric forcing on surge statistics: North-western European shelf seas.

This task will be carried out by POL and DNMI, who will select a number of cases, based on tasks 2 and 3, and run high-resolution (1-4 km) surge models (2D tide/surge model/ECOM3D) with atmospheric boundary conditions taken from the HIRHAM simulations (tasks 2 and 3) and lateral boundary conditions from the surge simulations described in task 5. These cases will be run over particularly sensitive areas which are known to be difficult to resolve with coarser mesh sizes, e.g., the Bristol Channel, estuaries along the Dutch coast and Norwegian coastal seas. By comparing with the results from task 5 and with observations, the influence of the finer resolution (in space and time) of the atmospheric forcing can be determined. The dominant physical mechanisms responsible for differences will be discussed.

Task 9: Case studies: The Adriatic Sea

UP will use the BOLAM model output (task 4) as forcing for the surge model in a few selected cases. The purpose of this it to study climate change impacts on the extreme surges in the Adriatic and to investigate if the high resolution atmospheric forcing provides a needed more realistic forcing. The BOLAM model can be coupled to an ocean/wave model (different from 2D surge model). This is an option which one may consider in the case simulations because it may allow for feedback to the atmosphere from increased drag in connection with high ocean waves.

4. Ocean wave studies

Task 10: Wave simulation in The Mediterranean

The purpose of this task is to evaluate climatic change of waves in the Mediterranean with special emphasis on the Adriatic Sea. Both long simulations and case studies will be considered.

The work which, will be carried out by UP and FISBAT, will be done very much along the same lines as task 6 and will include two long runs with the WAM model covering all 2x30 time slice years. As for task 6, a pre- or post-processing downscaling may be needed to obtain realistic results.

The resulting statistics of extreme waves will be validated for the control experiment by comparing them to statistics based on the available observations. The difference in the statistics derived from the control and the perturbed experiments will be evaluated and its reliability for the estimate of a future scenario will be assessed.

The work will also include case studies of waves where the WAM model is run at very high resolution. The atmospheric driving for these simulations is taken from the corresponding case studies of storms with the BOLAM regional atmospheric model (task 4).

Task 11: The northern seas

DNMI will run two versions of the wave model WAM, namely a coarse mesh model of the North Atlantic, Nordic Seas and Barents Sea with a grid resolution of approximately 150 km and a fine mesh model with a resolution of approximately 50 km covering a part of the Northeast Atlantic, the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea and using coarse mesh results as boundary conditions. The length of the runs will 2x10 years, possibly longer if feasible, with atmospheric forcing from the T106 time slice experiments. The outcome of the experiments will be statistically analysed for systematic changes in significant wave height due to increased CO₂ concentrations. Comparison with available observed and hindcasted wave climate will be carried out. Finally, the runs will provide input data to the wave generator (task 12).

In addition, the combination of a coarse and fine mesh version of WAM with same area coverage as above, but with a resolution of the fine grid of approximately 25km will be run for selected cases. The selection of cases will be based on results of the storm and polar low assessment (tasks 2 and 3) and the atmospheric forcing will be taken from fine mesh atmospheric model runs from these tasks.

Task 12: Ocean wave generator

GKSS will use the longer "time-slice" wave model runs (tasks 10 and 11) to build wave "weather generators" for 15-20 of locations in the North Sea, the North Atlantic and the Adriatic. Possible locations are e.g. Ekofisk, Frigg, OWS Mike and CNR Research platform off the Venetian coast. The weather generator will be conditioned on the CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere, via the large-scale features of temperature and pressure. Its statistical parameters will be derived with the help of the T106 time-slice experiments (present and 2xCO₂ concentrations) and the statistics obtained in the two high-resolution wave model simulations (tasks 10 and 11) forced by the T106 data. The wave data will be provided by UP and DNMI, the atmospheric model data by DMI. The model will be verified with the help of the hindcast simulation 1955-1995 done in the MAST project described in section 10 and local wave data compiled by the EU Environment and Climate project also described in section 10.

The statistical model will then be run with the results of standard transient climate change and control simulations (with T21, T30 or T42 resolution and fully coupled atmosphere-ocean GCMs) provided by German Climate Computer Centre and possibly other centres to generate realistic 6-hourly sequences of wave statistics with smoothly changing statistics. Since the weather generator is conditioned on large-scale features of the atmosphere this "truncation" to lower-resolution GCM input is not a significant limitation. However, since the full T106 data are used in the wave simulations the local characteristics of the wave climate are incorporated in the generator to a much larger extent than was possible with the lower-resolution time-slice experiments previously available.

These transient climate change simulations deal with different scenarios of emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols. For different time horizons, such as the times of expected doubling or tripling of greenhouse gas concentrations in 2035 and 2085, extreme value statistics will be derived. Also, mean statistics of the time-dependent generated wave climate will be derived and prepared for the use in simple economy-climate models. In particular, attempts will be made for setting up a zero-order model of the expected damages, or gains, of changing wave statistics. Another application of this model, which is not a part of the present project, will be the design of CO₂ emission paths which minimise abatement costs depending on CO₂ emissions and damage cost depending on climatic damages and gains due to changing temperature, precipitation, sea level and wave patterns.

3. Milestones

As STOWASUS-2100 consists of 12 tasks, natural milestones will be be the completion of the tasks according to the time scedule in section 4.2. Evaluation of project progress and fulfillment of milestones in time will be ensured by the coordination.

3. ROLE OF PARTICIPANTS

The role of each partner is related to the list of tasks (section 2.2). Here follows a short summary for each participant:

1. DMI

Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark..

Co-ordinator Eigil Kaas, e-mail: ek@dmi.min.dk, phone: +45 39 15 74 24, fax: +45 39 15 74 60 or Torben Schmith, e-mail: tsc@dmi.min.dk, phone: +45 39 15 74 44, fax: +45 39 15 74 60.

DMI will co-ordinate the project. This includes delivery to the relevant partners of a few selected fields 4 times daily from the T106 time slice simulation (e.g. surface temperature, sea ice, mean sea level pressure 500 hPa height, 10 m wind components and 200 hpa vorticity) which will be used to select cases or to drive ocean and wave models. For selected cases, DMI will deliver full 3 dimensional T106/L19 spectral data on the ECHAM4 model levels to the partners who need these data to drive regional atmospheric models. Furthermore DMI will analyse the T106 time-slice experiments. Changes in storm statistics due to enhanced greenhouse effect will be assessed. As a second item, selected storm cases will be investigated in detail with the HIRHAM model. Baroclinic storms and to some extend polar lows (in co-operation with DNMI) will here be studied in both the control and 2xCO₂ climates and the role of water vapour will be evaluated.

2. POL

Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory (POL), Bidston Observatory, Birkenhead, Merseyside L43 7RA, UK.

Responsible scientist: Roger Flather, e-mail: raf@pol.ac.uk, phone: +44 151 653 8633, fax: +44 151 653 6269.

POL will run 30 year simulations for the shelf seas of northwestern Europe with tide - surge models driven by T106 data describing present and 2xCO₂ scenarios and use the results to investigate variability and trends in storm surge statistics (extremes) and changes in these due to doubling of CO₂. Another item will be to investigate the sensitivity of surge statistics to model (tide - surge and atmospheric) resolution by running surge model simulations with different spatial resolutions and atmospheric forcing from scenarios and case studies with different resolutions in space and time. Finally, POL will investigate the accuracy of the RIKZ dynamical/statistical downscaling estimates of coastal surges in the southern North Sea by comparing results with equivalents based on dynamical downscaling obtained from high resolution model simulations for a period of 5-10 years.

3. UP

University of Padua (UP), Via VIII Febbraio 2, 35100 Padova, Italy

Responsible scientist: Piero Lionello, e-mail: piero@borexo.pd.infn.it, phone: +39-49-8277289, fax: +39-49-8277282

The main role of UP in this study will be the evaluation of the impact of a doubled CO₂ concentration on the Adriatic Sea climate. The variations of the frequency and intensity of the marine storms will be based on 30 year-long climatic simulations of waves and surges based on meteorological forcings derived by the T106 control and perturbed runs. The analysis will be completed by selected case studies of the whole atmosphere-wave-sea system carried out with a high resolution model.

4. FISBAT

FISBAT-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40126 Bologna, Italy

Responsible scientist: Piero Malguzzi, e-mail: malguzzi@ocean.fisbat.bo.cnr.it, phone: +39-51-6399606, fax: +39-51-6399654

The role of the FISBAT institute in the project will be to simulate selected cases of extreme precipitation events and rapid cyclogenesis in the Western Mediterranean/Adriatic Sea selected from the T106 simulations. Variations and changes in the statistical properties of precipitation, 10m wind speed, 2m temperature and air-sea fluxes of heat and moisture will be studied. Finally will surface parameters to force wave and ocean circulation models be supplied to other partners.

5. GKSS

GKSS Research Centre, Institute of Hydrophysics, Max-Planck-Str. 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany.

Responsible scientist: Prof. Dr. Hans von Storch, e-mail: storch@gkss.de, phone: +49 4152 87-1831, fax: +49 4152 87-1888 and Dr. Reiner Schnur, e-mail: schnur@gkss.de, phone: +49 4152 87-1905, fax: +49 4152 87-1888

The role of GKSS in the proposed project will be to develop and apply a statistical model, a wave "weather" generator, that describes the wave statistics at selected locations in the North Atlantic, North Sea and Adriatic as being conditioned on the atmospheric CO₂ concentration. This model will be developed using the T106 time-slice experiments from partner 1 and the WAM wave simulations performed as part of this project by partners 3 and 7 using these T106 runs. It will be applied to transient GCM experiments in order to generate long, realistic time series of wave heights conditioned on time-dependent CO₂ concentrations. Moreover, the wave statistics of these sequences will be evaluated. Such a weather generator is an essential tool to transform climate change scenarios to the user level, e.g. for planning purposes of off-shore structures and operations, risk assessment in coastal management, and for economic cost-benefit analyses of expected climate change. Aspects of the socio-economic implications of expected change in wave statistics will be dealt with in a cooperation with the Max-Planck-Institut for Meteorologie.

6. RIKZ

National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management/RIKZ, P.O.Box 20907 2500 EX Den Haag, The Netherlands.

Responsible scientist: John de Ronde, e-mail: deronde@rikz.rws.minvenw.nl, phone: 31 70 3114208, phone secr: 31 70 3114255, fax: 31 70 3114321.

The role of RIKZ will be to investigate the change in storm surge levels and storm surge impacts in an estuarine area due to climate change. As an example the dutch Wadden Sea area will be taken. With the help of local fine grid models (the boundary conditions will be provided by other partners) and downscaling techniques the extra changes in surge levels in estuarine areas compared to the surge levels at deeper water will be investigated. The fine mesh model to be used is a curvilinear model of the Wadden Sea with a grid size between 50 and 500 m.

7. DNMI

The Norwegian Meteorological Institute (DNMI), Allegt. 70, N-5007 Bergen, Norway

Responsible scientist: Magnar Reistad, e-mail: magnar.reistad@dnmi.no, tel.: +47 55 23 66 42, fax: +47 55 23 67 03.

DNMI will study polar low cases in co-operation with DMI. Objective selection criteria for cases when polar lows are likely to develop will be established. Based on these criteria a list of dates with possible polar lows will be found by scanning the data from the two T106 runs. Differences in polar low statistics from the two scenarios will be determined. The dynamics of polar lows will be studied by running the HIRLAM model with horizontal resolution in the order of 10 km for some polar low cases.

Other objectives for DNMI will be to obtain comparative extreme statistics for waves and surge in the northern seas for the two scenarios and to provide wave data to the statistical wave generator to be developed by GKSS. DNMI will run the ocean wave model WAM for the northern seas for at least 10 years continuously with wind data from the two T106 experiments ("present " and "2xCO₂") and for selected cases (baroclinic storms and polar lows) with wind from the HIRHAM model.

A fine mesh tide-surge model (1-4 km horizontal resolution) will be run for selected areas and periods with atmospheric forcing from T106 and HIRHAM. The coarse mesh model run by POL will provide lateral boundary conditions. Surge data will be analysed in co-operation with POL and RIKZ.

4. DELIVERABLES AND WORK PLANNING / SCHEDULE

1. Deliverables

Reports on scientific progress will be delivered after 12 and 24 months. Final report containing achieved scientific results will be delivered after 36 months.

Scientific results obtained will to the greatest possible extent be published in international peer-refereed journals and reported ai scientificv meetings, e.g. European Geophysical Society general asseblies.

2. Planning

As the different work tasks are inter-related a time-scedule for each individual task has been planned, ensuring that all relevant data needed in other tasks are available in time. The following diagram illustrates the planned schedule for the individual tasks listed in section 2.2.

 

Half-year	1-1	1-2	2-1	2-2	3-1	3-2
Task
1	x				x	x
2	x	x	x	x
3	x	x	x
4	x	x	x	x
5	x	x	x
6	x	x	x
7		x	x	x	x
8				x	x	x
9				x	x	x
10			x	x	x	x
11		x	x	x	x	x
12	x	x	x	x	x	x

Work scedule of the project. An ‘x’ within a task and half-year indicates sceduled work.

Status meetings (3-4 in number) will be arranged by selected participating institutions and held at regular intervals to ensure fulfillment work scedule and allow for exchange of ideas and results. Contact persons will be designated for work tasks 2-4 (lows), 5-9 (surges) and 10-12 (waves) respectively in order to faciliate communication between closely related tasks.

5. COMPLEMENTARY PROJECTS

A previous EU-supported project called WASA (Waves and Storms in Northeast Atlantic, contract no. EV5V-CT94-0506) included analysis of data from a so called time slice experiment with a high resolution (T106) version of the ECHAM3 model.

The STOWASUS-2100 project can be seen as complementary to the project MERCURE (Modelling European Regional Climate: Understanding and Reducing Errors, proposal no. PL970255) in the sense that both project utilies the HIRHAM regional climate model. However STOWASUS-2100 uses the model as a tool, while MERCURE aims at improving the model.

6. SCIENTIFIC PARTNERS

There are 7 participating institutions in the project:

1. Partner 1: DMI (Co-ordinator)

Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI)

Lyngbyvej 100

DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø

Denmark

 

Responsible scientist: Dr. Eigil Kaas

Phone, fax and E-mail: +45 39 15 74 24, +45 39 15 74 60, ek@dmi.min.dk

Scientist: Torben Schmith

Phone, fax and E-mail: +45 39 15 74 44, +45 39 15 74 60, tsc@dmi.min.dk

 

2. Partner 2: POL (Contractor)

Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory (POL),

Bidston Observatory, Birkenhead,

Merseyside L43 7RA,

UK.

 

Responsible scientist: Roger Flather,

Phone, fax and e-mail:: +44 151 653 8633, +44 151 653 6269, raf@pol.ac.uk

3. Partner 3: UP (Contractor)

University of Padua (UP),

Via VIII Febbraio 2,

35100 Padova,

Italy

 

Responsible scientist: Piero Lionello,

Phone, fax and e-mail: +39-49-8277289, +39-49-8277282, piero@borexo.pd.infn.it

4. Partner 4: FISBAT (Contractor)

FISBAT-CNR,

Via Gobetti 101,

40126 Bologna,

Italy

 

Responsible scientist: Piero Malguzzi,

Phone, fax and e-mail: +39-51-6399606 , +39-51-6399654 , malguzzi@ocean.fisbat.bo.cnr.it

5. Partner 5: GKSS (Contractor)

GKSS Research Centre,

Institute of Hydrophysics,

Max-Planck-Str. 1,

D-21502 Geesthacht,

Germany.

 

Responsible scientist: Prof. Dr. Hans von Storch

Phone, fax and e-mail: +49 4152 87-1831, +49 4152 87-1888, storch@gkss.de

 

Scientist: Dr. Reiner Schnur

Phone, fax and e-mail: +49 4152 87-1905, +49 4152 87-1888, schnur@gkss.de

6. Partner 6: RIKZ (Contractor)

National Institute for Coastal

and Marine Management/RIKZ,

P.O.Box 20907

2500 EX Den Haag,

The Netherlands.

 

Responsible scientist: John de Ronde

Phone, fax and e-mail: +31 70 3114208, +31 70 3114321,

deronde@rikz.rws.minvenw.nl

7. Partner 7: DNMI (Contractor)

The Norwegian Meteorological Institute (DNMI),

Allegt. 70,

N-5007 Bergen,

Norway

Responsible scientist: Magnar Reistad

Phone, fax and e-mail: +47 55 23 66 42, +47 55 23 67 03,

magnar.reistad@dnmi.no

Scientist: Dr. Thor Erik Nordeng

Phone, fax and e-mail: +47 22 96 33 05, +47 22 96 30 50,

t.e.nordeng@dnmi.no